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Errores habituales de montaje en estructuras fotovoltaicas

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Un montaje fotovoltaico fiable no depende solo de la calidad de los componentes, requiere un procedimiento de instalación correcto, el uso de herramientas adecuadas, y la realización de inspecciones visuales y técnicas que aseguren que cada elemento queda fijado y alineado según especificación.

Incluso con buenas prácticas, pueden aparecer errores durante el montaje que afectan a la seguridad, la durabilidad y el rendimiento de la instalación.

Para prevenirlos, es fundamental conocer los fallos más habituales y aplicar medidas que garanticen un montaje preciso y duradero.

Perfiles y módulos desalineados

Cuando los perfiles o los módulos no quedan correctamente nivelados o alineados, pueden generarse tensiones adicionales y una mala terminación. Además, esto puede impedir que el proyecto desarrolle toda la potencia necesaria.

¿Cómo evitarlo?

  • Marcar líneas guía antes de instalar
  • Utilizar nivel láser o comprobar las diagonales
  • Verificar la alineación cada pocas filas
  • Corregir desviaciones de los módulos

Fijaciones mal instaladas en cubierta

Perforar fuera de la estructura resistente o realizar un sellado incorrecto puede provocar filtraciones, pérdida de resistencia y daños en la cubierta.  

¿Cómo evitarlo?

  • Identificar las correas o puntos de fijación antes de perforar
  • Utilizar fijaciones específicas para cada tipo de estructura (cubierta, terreno, parking, fachada, etc).
  • Colocar correctamente sellos y juntas
  • Identificar correctamente el tipo de cubierta
  • Revisar los anclajes antes de colocar los paneles
  • Comprobar que la superficie de apoyo puede soportar la instalación

Mezclar componentes incompatibles

Combinar materiales o piezas de diferentes fabricantes puede generar problemas mecánicos, incompatibilidades y pérdida de garantía.

¿Cómo evitarlo?

  • Utilizar sistemas homologados completos
  • Comprobar la compatibilidad entre grapas, perfiles, tornillería y conectores
  • Evitar modificaciones improvisadas durante el montaje
  • Mantener la trazabilidad de los materiales

No respetar las separaciones necesarias

Instalar módulos demasiado juntos puede provocar golpes entre ellos, dificultar el mantenimiento y generar problemas relacionados con los cambios de temperatura o incluso daños irreparables.

¿Cómo evitarlo?

  • Respetar las distancias mínimas recomendadas por el fabricante
  • Dejar espacio para la expansión térmica
  • Tener en cuenta los accesos necesarios para limpieza y mantenimiento
  • Comprobar la separación respecto a bordes y obstáculos

Distribuir incorrectamente las cargas y los apoyos

La separación entre apoyos y los límites de deformación previstos para la estructura son aspectos críticos.

Una distribución incorrecta puede provocar microfisuras en los paneles, deformaciones y pérdida de rendimiento.

Además, algunos errores de montaje pueden manifestarse meses después debido a vibraciones, viento, cambios térmicos, corrosión o un mantenimiento insuficiente.

 

En nuestra webshop encontrareis las mejores soluciones de Sunfer y Novotegra, diseñadas para garantizar un montaje seguro, compatible y duradero.   

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